The California Federation of Teachers (CFT) is the second-largest teachers union in California, representing 81,716 government-sector and private-sector educators as of 2023. The organization is a regional chapter of the left-of-center American Federation of Teachers (AFT), the second-largest teachers union in the United States, and a chapter of the AFL-CIO, the largest union federation in the United States. ¹

The CFT supports Democratic candidates and left-wing political policies, both through its public resolutions and its official political endorsements. In 2020, the CFT supported Propositions 15 and 16, failed California ballot initiatives which, if passed, would have increased property taxes on businesses and permitted the use of affirmative action in hiring for state agencies. ²

In 2024, CFT endorsed Kamala Harris for president and backed several left-of-center California voter propositions which sought to advance left-wing policies related to increased public expenditures for public education, formal recognition of same-sex relationships as marriage, climate activism, ceilings on rental prices in housing, and an increased minimum wage. ^{3 4}

Jeff Freitas is the president of the CFT and has worked as the union’s president since March 2019 after working as CFT secretary-treasurer for eight years. ⁵

History

In 1918, a group of elementary and high school teachers in Vallejo, California formed a local chapter of the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) to organize for a $2,000 minimum annual salary for teachers. A few months later in early 1919, the chapter became the California State Federation of Teachers (CSFT) with 800 founding members. ⁶

The union soon joined the American Federation of Labor and helped mobilize against “ultraconservative forces” in local governments which sought to enforce immigration laws, remove potential Communists from government, and encourage pro-American curriculum standards. In the mid-1920s, the union led a push to triple teacher retirement pay in California, but the California governor vetoed the bill. The union also failed to prevent legislative restrictions on tenure passed in 1921 and 1926. In the 1930s, the CSFT supported President Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal platform, but CSFT was steadily defeated in its push to implement left-of-center state-level labor initiatives. ⁶⁷

The CSFT developed a long-standing rivalry with the California Teachers Association (CTA), the dominant teachers union in California throughout the first half of the 20^th century. In 1939, 37,000 out of 42,000 teachers in California belonged to the CTA. Meanwhile, by 1930, the CSFT’s membership had declined to 500. In 1941, the organization was down to 250 members, and the AFT revoked its membership for failing to maintain five chapters. In 1944, CSFT rejoined the AFT. ⁷⁸

In 1960, the CSFT began protesting against House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) meetings in which federal officials questioned the extent of Communism in the entertainment industry. At these protests, CSFT membership spread through college students to university professors, and the CSFT began to rapidly expand its membership. In 1961, the CSFT won its first major legislative victory in decades with the passage of a law that required administrators to give all teachers a hearing before being fired. In 1963, the CSFT was renamed the California Federation of Teachers (CFT). By the 1970s, the union had 15,000 members. ⁹

The CFT began to diverge from the AFT by pursuing a broader left-wing agenda. At its 1969 convention, the CFT voted to condemn the Vietnam War, support abortion access, and support affirmative action. In 1973, the CFT, CTA, and California Federation of Labor pushed for a state collective bargaining bill. The California State Assembly passed the bill, but then-Governor Ronald Reagan (R) vetoed it. By 1975, the CFT had 30,000 members. ¹⁰

In the 1980s, the CFT narrowly lost control of the bargaining rights within the California State University system but gained a majority membership in the California Community College system. In 1983, the union failed to stop California Governor George Deukmejian (R) from removing $250 million in funding from community colleges and instituting a $50 million tuition increase. In 1986, the CFT passed a resolution opposing the Contras, an anti-Communist faction in Nicaragua. By the late 1980s, the CFT had 32,000 members. ¹¹

In 2010, CFT members contributed $3,312,240 to campaigns for California ballot initiatives, the eighth-highest number of contributions by a single organization’s members in the state of California. ¹²

Activities

CFT provides its members with several workplace benefits. It claims to provide job security through contract negotiation and union representation through the process of contract negotiation. CFT also offers liability protection in the event of a work-related lawsuit. The American Federation of Teachers (AFT) and CFT also have lobbyists in Sacramento and Washington, D.C. who advocate left-leaning educational and labor policies.  ^{13 14}

Through the AFT+ program, CFT members have access to a variety of discount programs, including identity protection services, student debt repayment plans, free trauma counseling, various consumer discounts, free college, and meal planning services. ¹⁵

Children of CFT members also have access to several scholarship opportunities, including the Raoul Teilhet Scholarship. As of August 2024, AFT and CFT have awarded 822 awards for a total of $2,303,000. ¹⁶

CFT organizes various legal and professional development training sessions for its members, including workplace-oriented “Know Your Rights” trainings, professional development and union networking sessions, curricula development help, and a resource library that compiles educational resources and toolkits that promote left-wing ideological viewpoints on race, climate, social justice, immigration, and taxation. ^{17 18 14 19}

CFT offers educational and promotional content to its members to engage them in the process of furthering unionization efforts and left-wing labor activism across the state of California, including CFT’s opposition to anti-union efforts and large corporations such as Walmart. ²⁰

Federation Structure

The California Federation of Teachers is a member of the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) and AFL-CIO and has several councils that make up the structure of the CFT. These subsidiary councils are divided into different membership groups within the CFT: the Early Childhood/TK-12 Council, the Council of Classified Employees, the Community College Council, the Universities Council, and the Council of Retired Members. ²¹

The Council of Classified Employees is the division of CFT that advocates for support staff members in classifications such as bus drivers, secretaries and office workers, paraprofessionals and teaching assistants, custodians and maintenance workers, food service workers, and other non-certificated employees working in early childhood centers, schools, and on college campuses throughout California. ²²

The Community College Council claims to support and defend the workplace rights of full- and part-time faculty working in the California Community Colleges while the Universities Council does the same within the 10 University of California schools throughout the state. ^{23 24}

The Council of Retired Members was founded in 2014 and advocates for retirees, monitors issues of import to retirees, and makes policy recommendations to CFT governance bodies concerning retirement issues. It also assists local unions in organizing new retiree chapters. ²⁵

Each individual council has a leadership team that represents its members to the broader CFT Executive Council, and the CFT team sends delegates to represent the entire CFT membership base at AFT events. ⁵

California Federation of Teachers Legal Defense Fund

The California Federation of Teachers Legal Defense Fund (CFT LDF) is the legal defense arm of the California Federation of Teachers. Throughout the 1970s, the CFT LDF financed ongoing legal disputes between the CFT’s United Professors of Marin, Local 1610 (UPM) and numerous community colleges. The UPM sued the California government for years to enforce the “50% Law,” which mandated that community colleges must direct 50 percent of their expenses toward teachers and instructors. The UPM ultimately won its lawsuit and gained back pay for its teachers as well as establishing a precedent for enforcement throughout the state. ²⁶

Political Positions and Influence

Palestinian Nationalism

In 2024, the California Federation of Teachers’ national organization, the American Federation of Teachers, expressed its support for Palestinian nationalist protesters on college campuses. AFT president Randi Weingarten claimed that anti-Israel protesters on college campuses were simply “peacefully demonstrating.” ²⁷ Montemayor, Constanza. “Labor unions Other local union affiliates in California also expressed their support for the pro-Palestinian protests at UCLA, as labor groups threatened the university with litigation if it acted against the student protesters. ²⁸

Political Action

Federal Election Endorsements

In the 2020 election cycle, the AFT and CFT endorsed former Vice President and Democratic Presidential candidate Joe Biden. ²⁹ The CFT also endorsed Democratic candidates for all 52 congressional seats in California. ³⁰

In the 2024 election cycle, the AFT and CFT endorsed then-Vice President and Democratic presidential nominee Kamala Harris. ^{3 31} Similarly to 2020, in 2024, the CFT also endorsed Democratic candidates for all 52 congressional seats in California and each of the California state legislature and assembly seats. ⁴

2020 Proposition Endorsements

The CFT endorsed Proposition 15, a measure which would change long-standing property tax caps to raise taxes on commercial and industrial real estate holdings. Proposition 15 failed. ²

The CFT also endorsed Proposition 16, which would permit the use of racial preferences in government employment and state university admissions standards. Prop 16 also failed. ²

The CFT also endorsed failed Propositions 18 and 21. Proposition 18 aimed to permit individuals who turn 18 before the general election but not before the primary elections to vote in primary elections. Proposition 21 sought to allow local governments to implement rent control on housing first occupied at least 15 years ago. CFT further supported Proposition 25, a measure to eliminate cash bail and replace it with a flight-risk assessment system, which failed. ²

The CFT also opposed a number of initiatives including Proposition 20 and Proposition 22. Proposition 20 aimed to repeal several left-of-center criminal justice reforms and was defeated. Proposition 22 aimed to define app-based ridesharing drivers as independent contractors, and the proposition passed. ²

The CFT endorsed Proposition 17, which passed and restored voting rights to convicted felons on parole. ²

2024 Proposition Endorsements

In 2024, CFT endorsed several ballot initiatives and propositions. It endorsed Proposition 2, which passed and authorized $10 billion in general obligation bonds for public school and community college facilities, increasing state costs of about $500 million annually for 35 years to repay the bond. ^{4 32 33}

CFT also endorsed Proposition 3, which passed and amended the California Constitution by removing language stating that marriage is only between a man and a woman, and would recognize a right to marry, regardless of sex or race. ^{4 34 33}

CFT also endorsed Proposition 4, which passed and authorized $10 billion in general obligation bonds for safe drinking water, wildfire prevention, and protecting communities and natural lands from climate risks, increasing state costs of about $400 million annually for 40 years to repay the bond. ^{4 35 33}

CFT endorsed Proposition 5, which failed and would have allowed local bonds for affordable housing and public infrastructure with 55 percent voter approval; borrowing would be repaid with higher property taxes. ^{4 36 33}

CFT endorsed Proposition 32, which failed and would have increased the state minimum wage to $18 an hour over several years. ^{4 37 33}

Resolutions

The CFT has a history of supporting left-wing policies unrelated to education, including opposing the Vietnam War and the anti-Communist Contras faction in Nicaragua. ¹⁰¹¹

In 2020, the CFT passed resolutions to support Black Lives Matter, oppose President Donald Trump, endorse the CROWN Act to ban racial discrimination based on hair styles, and support a program that encourages most teachers to donate their government stimulus checks to support low-income individuals impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2019, the CFT passed resolutions to oppose President Trump’s executive order to ban transgender individuals from the military, oppose President Trump’s immigration policies, support the creation of a federal tax on financial speculation, and support the environmentalist Green New Deal. ³⁸

In January 2021, the CFT passed resolutions calling on the removal from office then-President Donald Trump, seven California members of Congress, and U.S. Senators Josh Hawley (R-MO) and Ted Cruz (R-TX). ³⁹ Later that year it passed resolutions calling on the state to dismantle systemic racism, establish an annual Black Lives Matter at School Week, and mandate access to COVID-19 vaccines for CFT members. ^{40 41 42}

In 2022, the CFT passed resolutions encouraging the state to move toward carbon free infrastructure and divest from fossil fuels. ^{43 44} It also passed a resolution calling for the end of the two-tiered, part-time and full-time distinction between faculty at community colleges. ⁴⁵ In 2024, CFT reaffirmed its commitment to a one-tier faculty system with its “One-Faculty Movement.” ⁴⁶

In 2023, the CFT passed resolutions supporting tax increases to fund California schools and social services, advocating for mental health services for all educators, demanding stronger gun control, condemning police violence, calling for urgent climate action, and reaffirming its commitment to LGBTQ pride. ⁴⁷ [ note] “Advocating for mental health services for all educators.” California Federation of Teachers. March 19, 2023. Accessed December 15, 2024. https://www.cft.org/resolution/advocating-mental-health-services-all-educators[/note] ^{48 49 50 51}

In 2024, CFT passed a resolution to create a taskforce on artificial intelligence and its use in educational settings. ⁵² In a 2024 article, CFT president Jeff Freitas expressed his concern over the issue of California teachers using artificial intelligence (AI) to grade papers. ⁵³

Community Partners

The CFT works with left-of-center advocacy groups to support its political goals. Its listed community partners include the Alliance of Californians for Community Empowerment, the Asian Pacific Environmental Network, Bend the Arc Jewish Action, BlueGreen Alliance, California Calls, California Partnership, Courage Campaign, PICO California, and Power California. ⁵⁴

California Federation of Teachers PAC

The California Federation of Teachers PAC operated in the 1998 and 2000 election cycles, spending a combined $12,000. The PAC disbanded after 2000. ⁵⁵

Demands During the COVID-19 Pandemic

When schools closed in early 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the CFT initially called for the continued closure of schools, but eventually recommended openings with significant financial support from the California state government. ⁵⁶

On May 2, the CFT passed a COVID-19 resolution declaring support for numerous policies to protect teachers’ interests during the pandemic, including resistance to any measures to lay off teachers, furlough teachers, cut teacher pay, or increase class sizes. ⁵⁷

On July 13, the CFT issued a public letter to California Governor Gavin Newsom (D) and the California state government urging schools to not restart in-person teaching in the fall due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The letter commended the state government for averting planned education budget cuts but condemned the state for keeping the budget at the same level as the previous year rather than embracing “war-effort-level” emergency spending on education. ⁵⁸

The letter demanded five criteria for reopening schools: a decline in cases for 14 days in both the county and state, the implementation of mandatory periodic COVID-19 testing for students and teachers, the provision of personal safety and cleaning equipment to schools and independent organizations, the involvement of parents and unions in COVID-19 response planning, and an increase in general education funding. ⁵⁸

With few of the demands met, the CFT called for schools to close throughout the fall of 2020. ⁵⁹

Leadership

Jeffery (Jeff) Freitas was elected president of the California Federation of Teachers in March 2019 after working as CFT secretary-treasurer for eight years. Freitas is a credentialed secondary math teacher and has advocated on behalf of union members and the education community for more than two decades as president of the Carpinteria Association of United School Employees, AFT Local 2216, and as a field representative and lobbyist for the CFT. Freitas also is a vice president of the AFT and secretary-treasurer of the Federation of California Labor Unions. He is also a member of the Governor’s Council for Post-Secondary Education and a board member of Equality California. ⁵ He holds a bachelor’s degree in mathematics from the University of California, Santa Barbara with credential and post-credential work in secondary mathematics. ⁶⁰

Following the second election of President Donald Trump in November 2024, Freitas expressed his concerns about Trump’s campaign promises to eliminate waste in the Department of Education, deport illegal immigrants, and remove diversity quotas from public education. Freitas said CFT “[wants] to make sure we have a safe space for every student, regardless of their immigration status,” and that “we want to make sure this is a safe space for every LGBTQ+ student.” ⁶¹

1. American Federation of Teachers California State Federation (Department of Labor File Number 512-967), Annual Report of a Labor Organization (Form LM-2), 2023 https://olmsapps.dol.gov/query/orgReport.do?rptId=888226&rptForm=LM2Form
2. “Our Endorsements.” CFT. Archived from the original October 17, 2020. Accessed January 21, 2025. https://web.archive.org/web/20201017201202/https://www.cft.org/endorsements-0
3. Freitas, Jeff. “Taking back Congress through California and electing the Harris/Walz Ticket.” California Federation of Teachers. October 21, 2024. Accessed December 15, 2024. https://www.cft.org/article/taking-back-congress-through-california-and-electing-harriswalz-ticket
4. “California Federation of Teachers (CFT) – California Endorsements.” Blue Voter Guide.org. Accessed December 15, 2024.  https://bluevoterguide.org/endorser-org/California_Federation_of_Teachers_(CFT)/CA/2535
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26.  “United Professors of Marin, Local 1610.” California Federation of Teachers. Accessed December 16, 2020. https://www.cft.org/post/united-professors-marin-local-1610.
27. Sabes, Adam. “Randi Weingarten’s American Federation of Teachers defends pro-Hamas campus occupations as ‘peacefully demonstrating’.” Campus Reform. May 30, 2024. Accessed DEcember 15, 2024. https://www.campusreform.org/article/randi-weingartens-american-federation-teachers-defends-pro-hamas-campus-occupations-peacefully-demonstrating/25557
28.  Montemayor, Constanza. “Labor unions express support for Palestine solidarity encampment at UCLA.” Daily Bruin. May 1, 2024. Accessed DEcember 15, 2024. https://dailybruin.com/2024/05/01/labor-unions-express-support-for-palestine-solidarity-encampment-at-ucla
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33. Irick, Whitney Ashton.“Here are the 10 California ballot props explained in 1 minute or less.” NBC Los Angeles. November 4, 2024. Accessed December 15, 2024. https://www.nbclosangeles.com/decision-2024/10-california-ballot-propositions-explained/3552272/
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39. “CFT call to remove from office Donald Trump, seven California congressmembers, and Senators Hawley and Cruz.” California Federation of Teachers. January 9, 2021. Accessed December 15, 2024. https://www.cft.org/resolution/cft-call-remove-office-donald-trump-seven-california-congressmembers-and-senators-hawley
40. “Dismantling systemic racism.” California Federation of Teachers. March 27, 2021. Accessed December 15, 2024 https://www.cft.org/resolution/dismantling-systemic-racism
41. “Establish annual Black Lives Matter at School Week of Action in California.” California Federation of Teachers. June 12, 2021. Accessed December 15, 2024. https://www.cft.org/resolution/establish-annual-black-lives-matter-school-week-action-california
42. “Vaccines and schools.” California Federation of Teachers. September 10, 2021. Accessed December 15, 2024. https://www.cft.org/resolution/vaccines-and-schools
43. “Support the implementation of carbon fee and rebate system to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.” California Federation of Teachers. March 19, 2022. Accessed December 15, 2024. https://www.cft.org/resolution/support-implementation-carbon-fee-and-rebate-system-reduce-greenhouse-gas-emissions
44. “Divest from fossil fuels and reinvest in workers and communities.” California Federation of Teachers. March 19, 2022. Accessed December 15, 2024. https://www.cft.org/resolution/divest-fossil-fuels-and-reinvest-workers-and-communities
45. “Develop a strategic plan to end the two-tier system in the community colleges.” California Federation of Teachers. March 19, 2022. Accessed December 15, 2024. https://www.cft.org/resolution/develop-strategic-plan-end-two-tier-system-community-colleges
46. Kohnen, Bailey. “California Federation of Teachers’ push for a one-tier faculty system gets underway.” SD City Times. November 22, 2024. Accessed December 15, 2024. https://sdcitytimes.com/uncategorized/2024/11/22/california-federation-of-teachers-push-for-a-one-tier-faculty-system-gets-underway/
47. “Wealth Tax to Fund California Schools and Social Services.” California Federation of Teachers. March 19, 2023. Accessed December 15, 2024. https://www.cft.org/resolution/wealth-tax-fund-california-schools-and-social-services
48. “CFT Demands Stronger Gun Control for the Safety of All.” California Federation of Teachers. March 19, 2023. Accessed December 15, 2024. https://www.cft.org/resolution/cft-demands-stronger-gun-control-safety-all
49.  “CFT Condemns Police Violence and Calls for Reform.” California Federation of Teachers. MArch 19, 2023. Accessed December 15, 2024. https://www.cft.org/resolution/cft-condemns-police-violence-and-calls-reform
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57. “Call for timeline and special education services IDEA waiver during pandemic.” CFT. May 2, 2020. Accessed November 24, 2020. https://www.cft.org/resolution/call-timeline-and-special-education-services-idea-waiver-during-pandemic.
58. “Dear Governor Newsom, Pro Tem Atkins and Speaker Rendon:” CFT. July 13, 2020. Accessed November 24, 2020. https://www.cft.org/sites/main/files/file-attachments/cft-reopening-letter-7-13-20.pdf.
59. Jannsen, Heather. “Did Schools Reopen Too Soon? California Federation Of Teachers Says Yes.” CSB Sacramento. November 18, 2020. Accessed November 24, 2020. https://sacramento.cbslocal.com/2020/11/18/schools-reopen-too-soon-federation-teachers-yes/.
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