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Opposition to Nuclear Energy

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There are more than 700 nonprofits and other advocacy groups in the United States that oppose the use of carbon free nuclear energy. 1  4

Some of the largest nonprofits opposing nuclear energy, as measured by the revenue reported in their most recent filings with the IRS (as of January 2025) included the World Wildlife Fund, the World Resources Institute (WRI), the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), the Sierra Club, the Rocky Mountain Institute, Grid Alternatives, and the League of Conservation Voters (LCV).

Some of the largest known contributors to the anti-nuclear-energy groups have included Bloomberg Philanthropies, 5 the Foundation for the Carolinas (FFTC) / Fred Stanback, 6  9 the Gordon E. and Betty I. Moore Foundation 10 the Sixteen Thirty Fund (1630 Fund) / Arabella Advisors 11 and the Tides Foundation. 12

Nuclear power plants produce no carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gas emissions, and from 1990 until 2021 accounted for 20 percent of American electricity production—the largest source of zero carbon electricity in the United States. 15 The U.S. Department of Energy has concluded that “nuclear energy produces more electricity on less land than any other clean-air source” and that it would require “more than 3 million solar panels to produce the same amount of power as a typical commercial reactor or more than 430 wind turbines.” 16

Background on U.S. Nuclear Energy

Nuclear power plants produce no carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gas emissions, and from 1990 until 2021 accounted for 20 percent of American electricity production—the largest source of zero carbon electricity in the United States. 17

A March 2021 analysis posted on the U.S. Department of Energy’s web page concluded that “nuclear energy produces more electricity on less land than any other clean-air source.” 18  21

“Two technologies could greatly extend the uranium supply itself,” concluded the Scientific American analysis. “Neither is economical now, but both could be in the future if the price of uranium increases substantially. First, the extraction of uranium from seawater would make available 4.5 billion metric tons of uranium—a 60,000-year supply at present rates. Second, fuel-recycling fast-breeder reactors, which generate more fuel than they consume, would use less than 1 percent of the uranium needed for current LWRs [light water nuclear reactors]. Breeder reactors could match today’s nuclear output for 30,000 years using only the NEA-estimated supplies.” 21

A 2021 U.S. Department of Energy tutorial on nuclear power production reported that nuclear energy “produces minimal waste” and that all of the spent nuclear fuel “produced by the U.S. nuclear energy industry over the last 60 years could fit on a football field at a depth of less than 10 yards!” The tutorial also noted that nuclear waste “can also be reprocessed and recycled, although the United States does not currently do this” and that “some advanced reactors designs being developed could operate on used fuel.” 22

The letter urged the Senate to remove nuclear power from the list of energy sources eligible for the tax credits. The cosigners included the Asian Pacific Environmental Network, Grassroots Global Justice Alliance, the Gulf Coast Center for Law & Policy, Center for Economic Democracy, the New Economy Coalition, UPROSE, GreenFaith, Just Transition Alliance, MADRE, Nevada Nuclear Waste Task Force, Gender And Radiation Impact Project, Oil & Gas Action Network, Women’s Environment and Development Organization, Citizens Awareness Network, the Eco-Justice Collaborative, the Ecological Options Network, Florida Rising, Flint Rising, the Romero Institute, the Native Movement, and the Sane Energy Project. 26

Petition for Renewable Energy Standard (May 2021)

In May of 2021, 715 groups and businesses cosigned on a letter to the leadership of the U.S. House and Senate that referred to nuclear energy as a “dirty” form of energy production and a “significant” source of pollution. The letter asked federal lawmakers to reduce carbon emissions by creating a “renewable electricity standard” that promoted production of weather dependent power sources such as wind turbines and solar panels. 4

The report was an update from an 2023 tabulation that used conservative assumptions. Where a group had two legally distinct advocacy and educational nonprofits (e.g., the League of Conservation Voters and the League of Conservation Voters Education Fund), the estimate counted only one group, and never both. Similarly, when a prominent national group was allied with multiple legally-distinct state and local affiliates (e.g., the Michigan League of Conservation Voters) the state and local revenue was not counted toward the $2.3 billion total. In addition, all grants made by the six largest revenue nonprofits were excluded from the total, regardless of whether or not the grants were made to other nonprofits with known positions against the use of nuclear energy. 29

In April 2021, the WWF registered its opposition to a final draft of proposed rules regarding what the European Union would consider “green taxonomy” energy investments. The World Wildlife Fund statement declared that “fossil fuels and nuclear power are unsustainable” and that the final rules needed “to make clear that gas and nuclear will not be part of the green taxonomy once and for all.” In March 2020, as recommendations were being made regarding the final draft, the WWF praised recommendations provided to the EU that “would rightfully put an end to polluting fossil fuels, nuclear and bioenergy being greenwashed.” 32

In 2018, WRI hosted an awards ceremony honoring two activists credited with blocking the construction of a nuclear power plant in South Africa. A WRI news release praised the pair for a “victory that protected South Africa from an unprecedented expansion of the nuclear industry. . .” 34

In 2017 EDF advocated for the shutdown of a nuclear energy plant in New York. In 2016 EDF promoted the shutdown of the Diablo Canyon nuclear plant in California. Environmental Progress has accused EDF of “hypocrisy” because EDF advocated for taxpayer subsidies for wind and solar energy but opposed similar assistance for nuclear energy. 38

The CTA was a cosigner on an April 2021 letter to President Joe Biden asking the administration to promote weather dependent wind and solar power systems and “end the fossil fuel era.” The letter also advised the president to “Phase out nuclear energy as an inherently dirty, dangerous and costly energy source.” 39

NRDC has repeatedly supported the shutdown of nuclear power plants. Environmental Progress accused NRDC of “hypocrisy” because NRDC advocated for taxpayer subsidies for wind and solar energy but opposed similar assistance for nuclear energy. 46

The Sierra Club website has stated that nuclear power is “a uniquely dangerous energy technology for humanity” and that the “Sierra Club remains unequivocally opposed to nuclear energy.” The statement invited opponents of nuclear energy to join the Sierra Club’s Nuclear Free Campaign Grassroots Network, and redirected to a website for the Network. 49

In a 2011 report for RMI, the group’s founder, Amory Lovins, asserted that nuclear power is “costly and dangerous and a poor alternative to renewable energy sources.” Lovins reiterated his criticisms of nuclear power in a July 2017 report for RMI. In a February 2022 report on solutions to an energy shortage in Europe, an RMI researcher recommended that policymakers not look “backward to domestic fossil or large-scale nuclear,” criticized French and Dutch investments in nuclear energy, and proposed that all of Europe should instead invest heavily in alternative sources such as weather dependent wind. 53

The League of Conservation Voters was one of more than 100 co-signatories on a November 2020 letter to the U.S. Senate that expressed opposition to S. 4897, the “American Nuclear Infrastructure Act of 2020.” The letter stated that nuclear power “amplifies and expands the dangers of climate change” and denounced it as an example of “false solutions to the climate crisis that perpetuate our reliance on dirty energy industries.” The letter was signed by Matthew Davis, who was identified as the legislative director for the LCV. 54

SELC has repeatedly criticized and opposed nuclear power generation and promoted instead weather dependent wind and solar energy systems. 60

GRID Alternatives was one of more than 600 co-signing organizations on a January 2019 open letter to Congress titled “Legislation to Address the Urgent Threat of Climate Change.” The signatories declared their support for new laws to bring about “100 percent decarbonization” of the transportation sector but denounced nuclear power as an example of “dirty energy” that should not be included in any legislation promoting the use of so-called “renewable energy.” 5

Bloomberg Philanthropies is a giving vehicle for left-leaning billionaire Michael Bloomberg, the former mayor New York City and a former candidate for the 2020 Democratic presidential nomination.

Fred Stanback (Foundation for the Carolinas)

From 2020 through 2023, the Foundation for the Carolinas (FFTC) gave at least $80 million in grants to nonprofit groups that have opposed the use of nuclear energy. The tabulation was made using FoundationSearch records as posted through August 2023. (Foundation Search is a database that compiles philanthropic giving from the IRS 990 forms submitted by 501c3 and 501c4 donor nonprofits). 6

FFTC is a donor-advised fund that manages funds for 2,700 separate charitable individuals, families and organizations. 64

Stanback’s total commitment to his FFTC account through all years is not known, but the Los Angeles Times reported a single $397 million donation from Stanback to FFTC that took place in 2014. 6

MacArthur Foundation

From 2020 through 2023, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (MacArthur Foundation) gave at least $60 million in grants to nonprofit groups that have opposed the use of nuclear energy. Recipients included the Environmental Defense Fund, the Sierra Club Foundation, the League of Conservation Voters Education Fund, the World Resources Institute, Earthworks, the Rocky Mountain Institute, the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP North America), the NRDC, the U.S. Climate Action Network (US-CAN), and Voices for a Sustainable Future (a project of the Labor Network for Sustainability). The tabulation was made using FoundationSearch records as posted through August 2023. (Foundation Search is a database that compiles philanthropic giving from the IRS 990 forms submitted by 501c3 and 501c4 donor nonprofits). 9

Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation

From 2020 through 2023, the Gordon E. and Betty I. Moore Foundation gave at least $45 million in grants to nonprofit groups that have opposed the use of nuclear energy. Recipients included the World Wildlife Fund, the World Resources Institute, the NRDC, Friends of the Earth, and the Environmental Defense Fund. The tabulation was made using FoundationSearch records as posted through August 2023. (Foundation Search is a database that compiles philanthropic giving from the IRS 990 forms submitted by 501c3 and 501c4 donor nonprofits). 10

Gordon Moore is the founder of Intel.

Sixteen Thirty Fund (1630 Fund)

From 2020 through 2023 the Sixteen Thirty Fund (1630 Fund) gave at least $29 million in grants to groups that have opposed the use of nuclear energy. Recipients included the League of Conservation Voters, the Environmental Defense Action Fund, the NRDC Action Fund, the Center for Popular Democracy Action Fund, the League of Women Voters, the Sunrise PAC (a political committee aligned with the Sunrise Movement), People’s Action, and the People’s Action Institute. The tabulation was made using FoundationSearch records as posted through August 2023. (Foundation Search is a database that compiles philanthropic giving from the IRS 990 forms submitted by 501c3 and 501c4 donor nonprofits). 11

Sixteen Thirty is part of a group of left-of-center lobbying and advocacy organizations administered by Arabella Advisors. In 2020, Arabella’s nonprofit network boasted total revenues exceeding $1.67 billion and total expenditures of $1.26 billion, and paid out $896 million in grants largely to other left-leaning and politically active nonprofits. 67 Identifying specific contributions to specific donors within the Arabella network is challenging. According to FoundationSearch records, Sixteen Thirty received at least $141.7 million in support from public foundations during the 2020-2023 period, of which $113.5 million came from the New Venture Fund—another nonprofit run through Arabella. 68 FoundationSearch records show that New Venture received more than $1.4 billion in support from public foundations during the period, with at least $333 million of that coming from donor advised funds that do not generally publicly identify the names of contributors. 69 A November 2021 profile in The Atlantic identified Arabella as a “massive progressive dark-money group you’ve never heard of” and Sixteen Thirty as “the indisputable heavyweight of Democratic dark money” which funneled “roughly $61 million of effectively untraceable money to progressive causes,” making it the “second-largest super-PAC donor in 2020.” 12

The Tides Foundation is a center-left grantmaker and a pass-through funder to left-leaning nonprofits. FoundationSearch records show that the Tides Foundation received more than $351.5 million in support from public foundations during the 2020-2023 period, with $40 million coming from the Tides Center (another nonprofit aligned with the Tides Foundation), and an additional $133 million from four donor advised funds that do not generally publicly identify the names of contributors. 72

Alphabetical List of Anti-Nuclear Groups

The following are nonprofits and other groups known to have positions opposing the use of nuclear energy.

It is not a complete listing. In most cases, where a group operates multiple similarly named legal nonprofits (i.e., a 501c3 educational group partnered with a 501c4 advocacy group), and/or multiple state and local affiliates (e.g., the League of Conservation Voters), only one of the largest legal entities is provided in the list below. Similarly, where a nonprofit is aligned with a political committee (e.g., the League of Conservation Voters Victory Fund), the political committee is not listed.

This is done to avoid repetition and maintain the simplicity of the list. In most if not all cases, the aligned but unlisted partner nonprofits, local affiliates and political committees are also opposed to nuclear energy. Though not listed here, there are separate InfluenceWatch profiles for many such groups.

For the list below, brief descriptions of the positions each group has taken against nuclear energy and citations for the position may be accessed on the individual profiles.

A–B

Action for a Progressive Future, ActionAid USA, Alianza Americas, Alliance for Affordable Energy, Alliance for a Green Economy, Alliance for Climate Education, Alliance For The Wild Rockies, Alliance of Nurses for Healthy Environments, Amazon Watch, American Family Voices,  American Friends Service Committee,  American Sustainable Business Council, Animals Are Sentient Beings, Anthropocene Alliance, Appalachian Voices, Arise for Social Justice, Asian Pacific Environmental Network, Association for Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education, Aytzim: Ecological Judaism, Backbone Campaign, Bank Information Center, Be the Change, Berkshire Environmental Action Team, Beyond Extreme Energy, Beyond Nuclear, Big Reuse, Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation, Blue Frontier Campaign, Blue Ridge Environmental Defense League, Bold Alliance, Bold Iowa, Breast Cancer Action, Buckeye Environmental Network 

C

California Teachers Association, Campaign for America’s Future, Carbon Disclosure Project, Care About Climate, Cascadia Wildlands, Catskill Mountainkeeper, Center for a Sustainable Coast, Center for Biological Diversity, Center for Climate Change Communication, Center for Ecological Living and Learning, Center for Environmentally Recycled Building Alternatives, Center for Economic Democracy, Center for Environmental Health, Center for Food Safety, Center for International Environmental Law, Center for Popular Democracy, Center for Story-based Strategy, Center for Sustainable Economy, Citizens Awareness Network, Citizens For Responsible Oil and Gas – CFROG, Citizens’ Environmental Coalition, Clean Coast, Clean Energy Action, Clean Water Action, Climate Action Now – Western Massachusetts, Climate Defense Project, Climate Generation/Will Steger Foundation, Climate Hawks Vote Civic Action, Climate Justice Alliance, Climate Mobilization, Climate Policy Initiative (CPI),  Climate Reality Project, Climate Xchange, ClimateMama, Code Pink – CODEPINK, Collaborative Center For Justice, Communities for a Better Environment, Community Alliance for Global Justice, Community Ecology Institute, Conservation Colorado, Conservation Colorado Education Fund, Corporate Accountability International, Corporate Ethics International, Courage Campaign, CREDO Victory Fund (CREDO Action)

D-F

Deep South Center for Environmental Justice, Delaware Riverkeeper Network, Democracy Collaborative, Demos, Dogwood Alliance, Don’t Waste Arizona, Dream Corps, Earth Day Initiative (Earth Day New York), Earth Day Network, Earth Ethics, Inc., Earth Island Institute, Earthworks, EcoEquity, Eco-Justice Collaborative, Ecological Options Network, Elders Action Network, Elders Climate Action, Emerald Coastkeeper, Inc, Endangered Habitats League, Endangered Species Coalition, Enviro Show, Environment America, Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), Environmental and Energy Study Institute, Environmental Health Trust, Environmental Integrity Project, Environmental Law and Policy Center of the Midwest, Environmental Protection Information Center, Environmental Working Group (EWG), Evergreen Islands, Extinction Rebellion (XR), Family Farm Defenders, Flint Rising, Florida Rising, Feminists in Action Los Angeles (FIA-LA), Food and Water Watch, For Love of Water (FLOW), For The Generations, For the Many, Foundation Earth, FracTracker Alliance, Franciscan Action Network, Free Press Action Fund, Friends of the Bitterroot, Friends of the Earth, Future Coalition

G–I

Gas Free Seneca, Gender and Radiation Impact Project, Geos Institute, Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives, Good Jobs Nation, Good Work Institute, Government Accountability Project, Grassroots Environmental Education, Grassroots Global Justice Alliance, Great Old Broads for Wilderness, Green America, Green Education and Legal Fund, GreenFaith, Green for All, Green Party of the United States, GreenLatinos, Greenpeace, GRID Alternatives, The Gulf Coast Center for Law & Policy (GCCLP), Hazon, Health Care for All, Healthy Environment Alliance of Utah (HEAL Utah), HealthyPlanet, Heirs To Our Oceans, Higher Ground, Hip Hop Caucus, Hispanic Access Foundation, Hollywood NOW, Howling For Wolves, Hudson River Sloop Clearwater, Hunger Action Los Angeles, In the Public Interest, Indigenous Environmental Network, The Indivisible Project (Indivisible), Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy, Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis, Institute for Governance and Sustainable Development, Institute for Local Self-Reliance, Institute for Policy Studies (IPS), International Rivers Network, Iroquois Studies Association

J–O

Jewish Climate Action Network, Justice Action Mobilization Network, Just Transition Alliance, Labor Network for Sustainability, Leadership Conference of Women Religious, League of Conservation Voters (LCV) , League of Women Voters (LWV), Liberty Tree Foundation for the Democratic Revolution, Long Island Progressive Coalition, Los Alamos Study Group, Los Padres ForestWatch, MADRE, Milwaukee Riverkeeper, Mission Blue, Montana Environmental Information Center, Mothers Out Front, Mountain Association for Community Economic Development, Movement for a People’s Party, Movement Strategy Center, National Advocacy Center of the Sisters of the Good Shepherd, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), National Parks Conservation Association (NCPA), Native Movement, Natural Capitalism Solutions, Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), Nevada Nuclear Waste Task Force, New Economy Coalition, New Energy Economy, New Hampshire Audubon, New York Communities for Change (NYCC), North American Climate, Conservation and Environment, North Carolina Climate Solutions Coalition, North Carolina Waste Awareness and Reduction Network (NC-WARN), The Northeast Organic Farming Association of New York (NOFA-NY) , Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, Nuclear Information and Resource Service (NIRS), Oceanic Preservation Society, Oil Change International, Oil & Gas Action Network, Olympic Climate Action, Organic Consumers Association, Our Climate Education Fund

P–S

Pacific Environment and Resources Center, Partnership for Policy Integrity, Partnership for Southern Equity, Peace Action, Pelican Media, People Demanding Action, People’s Action, People’s Solar Energy Fund, Physicians for Social Responsibility, Planting Justice, Polar Bears International, PowerSwitch Action, Progressive Democrats of America, Project Coyote, Public Citizen, Public Justice Foundation, Publish What You Pay United States (PWYP-US), Putnam Progressives, Rachel Carson Council, Rachel’s Network, Rainforest Action Network (RAN), Reconstructionist Rabbinical Association, Resource Renewal Institute, RESTORE: The North Woods, Right to the City Alliance, Riverkeeper, Rocky Mountain Institute, Rocky Mountain Peace and Justice Center, Rogue Climate, Romero Institute, Sacramento Climate Coalition, Sane Energy Project, Sanford-Oquaga Area Concerned Citizens, Scenic Hudson Inc., Science for the People, Seneca Lake Guardian, Seventh Generation Advisors, Sierra Club, Snake River Alliance Education Fund, Solutions Project, Southern Alliance for Clean Energy, Southern Environmental Law Center, Stand.earth, Sunrise Movement, Sustainable Economies Law Center, Surfrider Foundation

T–Z

Texas Environmental Justice Advocacy Services, Tennessee Environmental Council, Tikkun & the Network of Spiritual Progressives, Toxics Action Center, Toxics Information Project, Transition US, Turner Endangered Species Fund, Turtle Island Restoration Network, UPROSE, U.S. Climate Action Network, U.S. Public Interest Research Group (US-PIRG), Unitarian Universalist Ministry for Earth, Valley Watch, Veterans for Peace, Vote-Climate, Vote Solar, Warehouse Workers for Justice, Washington Physicians for Social Responsibility, Waterkeeper Alliance, Western States Legal Foundation, Wild Nature Institute, WildEarth Guardians, Wishtoyo Foundation (Ventura Coastkeeper), Women’s Action for New Directions (WAND), WE ACT for Environmental Justice,  Women’s Earth and Climate Action Network (WECAN), Women’s Environment and Development Organization, Women’s International League for Peace & Freedom – US Section, World Resources Institute (WRI), World Wildlife Fund (WWF)

1–9

198 Methods, 350.org

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